FAQs

A speech-language pathologist is a licensed professional who assesses, diagnoses, and treats communication and swallowing disorders. They work with individuals of all ages to help with speech, language, voice, fluency, and swallowing difficulties.

SLPs treat a variety of conditions, including:

• Speech disorders (e.g., clarity, speech production, stuttering)
• Language disorders (e.g., difficulty understanding or producing language)
• Voice disorders (e.g., vocal volume, hoarseness, vocal cord issues)
• Swallowing disorders (e.g., coughing, throat clearing with food/liquid intake, aspiration, difficulty chewing or swallowing)
• Cognitive-communication disorders (e.g., memory, attention, problem-solving issues, home safety)
• Social communication disorders
• Alternative Augmentative Communication (AAC)

During the first appointment, the SLP will usually conduct a comprehensive evaluation, which includes:

• A discussion of your medical history
• Assessment of speech, language, or swallowing abilities
• A set of diagnostic tests or standardized assessments
• A discussion of goals and treatment options

Therapy sessions typically last between 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the needs of the patient and the specific treatment plan.

The frequency of therapy depends on the nature and severity of the condition. Some individuals may need sessions multiple times per week, while others may require therapy once a week or less.

In some cases, a referral from a doctor or healthcare provider may be required, particularly for insurance purposes. However, many SLPs accept self-referrals, so it’s best to check with the provider.

Insurance coverage for speech therapy varies by provider and plan. It’s a good idea to contact your insurance company or the clinic to verify coverage, co-pays, and whether a referral is needed.

Whether you have a copay is dependent on your insurance. You will be notified prior to your initial appointment about any copays or if you have not yet met your deductible for the year.

It’s helpful to bring:

• Any medical records related to speech or language concerns
• A list of medications
• Insurance information

Some signs that may indicate a need for therapy include:

Speech and Pronunciation Issues

• Difficulty pronouncing certain sounds or words clearly
• Slurred or mumbled speech that others struggle to understand
• Speaking too fast, too slow, or with unusual rhythm

Voice Problems

• Low vocal volume, Hoarseness, breathiness, or a strained voice that persists
• Frequent loss of voice or vocal fatigue
• Pain or discomfort when speaking

Inability to Communicate Verbally

• Loss of speaking skills due to stroke, head injury, head and neck cancer surgery, or vocal fold issues.

Cognitive-Communication Difficulties

• Trouble organizing thoughts or finding the right words
• Difficulty following conversations or understanding instructions
• Struggling with memory or attention when communicating
• Difficulty making decisions
• Difficulty problem solving
• Poor home safety
• Impulsivity or lack of initiation

Swallowing or Feeding Problems

• Choking, coughing or clearing of throat when eating or drinking
• Feeling like food is getting stuck in your throat
• Difficulty taking medications
• Unexplained weight loss or weight loss due to difficulty eating

Speech Changes Due to Medical Conditions

• Stroke, brain injury, or neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s, MS) affecting speech
• Speech difficulties following surgery or trauma

The duration of therapy depends on the individual’s needs and progress. Some people may see improvement after a few sessions, while others may need therapy for months or longer. The therapist will set goals and periodically review progress.

A home exercise program (HEP) may be assigned to reinforce skills practiced during therapy sessions. It may include exercises for speech, language, or swallowing, and patients are encouraged to complete them regularly.

Once therapy goals are met, the SLP will assess whether further sessions are necessary or if therapy can be concluded. Some individuals may be discharged while others may continue therapy periodically for maintenance.